Turning mechanism

ABSTRACT

An apparatus for stirring cooking ingredients in a vessel or for automatically turning a food item such as a steak or roast provides a stirring or turning action having horizontal and vertical rotation. In one embodiment the horizontal and vertical rotation have a pre-determined time relation to one another such that a spatula portion of the stirring apparatus flips over the ingredients a predetermined number of times as the spatula rotates once horizontally about the vessel. The horizontal rotation action is also used for automatic turning. The turning apparatus includes a rigid bar rotatable with the horizontal axis and a supporting structure such as a wire cage or food-piercing tine structure for supporting the food during turning. The rigid bar and food-supporting structure are connected by flexible links such as steel fiber. The rotating bar drags the food item over or about the rotation axis to effect the turning action. The apparatus is especially suited for use in an automatic cooking system.

This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.07/140,176, filed Dec. 31, 1987, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,820,054.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to automatic cooking apparatus, and morespecifically to an automatic mechanism for turning a food item such as asteak, filet of fish, roasts of meat, whole fowl or the like duringcooking.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

U.S. Pat. No. 4,649,810 issued to Wong and entitled "Automatic CookingApparatus" discloses an integrated cooking apparatus for automaticallypreparing culinary dishes. In one embodiment of that invention, therecipe ingredients are pre-loaded into a compartmentalized carousel,which rotates on command under the control of a microprocessor to bringthe appropriate compartment into position for dispensing its ingredientsinto a cooking vessel. The ingredients are then heated, stirred, coveredand uncovered automatically according to a prescribed recipe. For suchan automatic cooking apparatus to be able to reproduce a variety ofdishes with the delicacy of the accomplished cook, the automaticstirring mechanism must be able to stir, mix, turn, or agitate theingredients in the manner of the live cook.

In the course of preparing a dish, a cook may be called upon to performa range of complex motions referred to by such various terms as stirringmixing, turning, folding, blending, or flipping. Where it is notnecessary to distinguish among them, such motions are often referred toherein simply as "stirring."

Manual stirring with a fork, spoon, spatula, or the like, may involve acomplex motion. Depending upon the recipe and the nature of the foodingredients, the stirring implement may be moved in any one of a varietyof patterns, which are difficult to reproduce by mechanical apparatus,and especially by a low-cost compact mechanical apparatus suitable foruse with a typical cooking vessel of the type found in a domestickitchen.

In the stirring mechanism disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,649,810, forexample, the action is produced by a blade generally conforming to theshape of the bottom of the cooking vessel. The blade is mounted on avertical shaft at the center of the vessel, and the shaft is coupled toa motor drive providing the rotational force. As the blade revolvesaround the vertical axis defined by the shaft, it moves along the bottomand pushes the ingredients along, causing the ingredients to spread andto roll over the top of the blade.

This type of blade and mechanism will perform adequately for manyrecipes. However, it does not stir the ingredients quite in the samemanner as a chef would, and for certain types of softer ingredients itmay tend to break up or disfigure the ingredients excessively, adverselyaffecting the appearance and texture of the final dish.

Other automatic stirring mechanisms are known, but these generally callfor awkward mechanical arrangements or are designed for specializedsituations. One such stirring mechanism, intended for Chinese cookingwith a wok, is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,503,502 to Chapin entitled"Method and Apparatus For Automated Chinese Stir-Fry Cooking." In thatmechanism a small shovel-like implement is moved up and down in avertical plane by a camming arrangement while another arrangementrotates the whole wok underneath the shovel. The resulting motion issuch that the ingredients lying in the path of the shovel are "tossed"into the air a shovel-full at a time.

Another known stirring mechanism, for use with a special cooking pot, isdisclosed by Wallman in U.S. Pat. No. 3,905,585 entitled "AgitatingDevice." The Wallman mechanism is mounted on the rim of the pot, whichincludes a special lip for this purpose. A shaft extends into the potand terminates in a comparatively small, fixed stirrer. The mountingmechanism is structured such that the shaft rotates about its axis andsimultaneously is "walked" around the perimeter of the pot. The rotatingstirrer produces a localized circular stirring action as it is carriedaround the pot perimeter.

The Wallman device is awkward in that it requires a pot formed with theproper lip for mounting the device, which takes up much space about therim. So, for example, the pot would be difficult to cover while theWallman device is in position. Moreover, while the Wallman device may besuitable for agitating liquids, it does not reproduce the full effect ofa stirring action such as might be used, for example, in quick-stirfrying of Chinese foods.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a particularly simple method and compactmechanism for automatically turning, or otherwise moving or manipulatinga food item during cooking. A mechanism according to the presentinvention is able to turn the food item from one side to anotherfollowing the same type of turning action conventionally providedmanually by the chef. The method is applicable for automaticallyflipping over such generally planar-shaped foods as steaks, hamburgers,and fish filets as well as for automatically turning bulkier items suchas roasts or fowl.

The invention is driven by a horizontally rotating drive shaft such asthe drive shaft disclosed in my copending U.S. patent application Ser.No. 07/140,176 filed Dec. 31, 1987. Briefly, according to the inventiona food item may be automatically turned about the horizontal rotationaxis by a mechanism which provides a moment arm extending generallyperpendicular to said horizontal axis. The moment arm is flexibly linkedto the food item at an end of the food item, the link being made at oneor more positions spaced apart from the horizontal rotation axis. Themoment arm is then automatically rotated about the horizontal axis so asto drag the food item about the horizontal axis.

The turning mechanism of the invention is particularly suited for usewith the automatic cooking apparatus disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.4,649,810, described above. However, it may also be used with otherautomatic cooking arrangements or, as described above, as a stand-alonedevice associated with an appropriate drive mechanism.

Other aspects, advantages and novel features of the invention aredescribed hereinbelow or will be readily apparent to those skilled inthe art from the following specifications and drawings of anillustrative embodiment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an automatic cooking apparatus for usewith the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of apparatus foruse with the invention.

FIG. 3 is cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of apparatusfor use with the invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a mixing/turning implement.

FIG. 5 is a side elevational view showing a sequence of positions of themixing/turning implement of FIG. 4 in one mode of operation.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a whipping implement.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an implement according to the inventionfor use in automatically turning such generally planar items as steaks,hamburgers, or fish filets.

FIGS. 8A-F provide a sequence of side elevational views illustrating theoperation of a turning implement as in FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an implement according to the inventionfor turning bulky items such as roasts, or whole fish, or fowl.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an implement for use in automaticallyraising or lowering ingredients for timed boiling, or deep-fat frying,or the like.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of animplement for flipping a steak.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

For the sake of illustration, the invention will be described in thecontext of an automatic cooking apparatus of the type disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 4,649,810. FIG. 1 illustrates such a cooking apparatus,including a cooking vessel 10 resting on heating means 11 and acompartmentalized dispensing structure 12 in the form of a rotatablecarousel for holding and dispensing the culinary ingredients called forby a prescribed recipe into the cooking vessel 10. A stirring mechanism13 according to the invention extends into the vessel 10 forautomatically mixing the ingredients. The carousel 12 and stirringmechanism 13 may be driven by one or more drive motors (not shown)housed in the apparatus and under the control of an on-boardmicrocomputer.

FIGS. 2 and 3 show two different embodiments of a mechanism for use withthe invention. The mechanism includes an implement 15 for manipulatingthe ingredients in the vessel, a means indicated generally by thebracketed portion 16 for rotating the implement 15 about a horizontalaxis 17, and a means indicated generally at 18 for rotating theimplement 15 about a vertical axis 19. In the embodiment of FIG. 2 therotations about the horizontal and vertical axes 17 and 19 may be drivenindependently of one another in any ratio or phase relation. FIG. 3shows an alternative embodiment in which the horizontal and verticalrotations are in predetermined relation to one another.

The implement 15 illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 is in the form of anelongate curved blade member. The blade is disposed so that as it isrotated about the horizontal axis 17, it contacts the ingredients in thepot and "stirs" them with a turning motion. With the curved profileshown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the blade can operate to scoop up and turn overscoopfuls of ingredients. A flat blade could also be used to provide abeating or mixing motion much like the motion that a cook follows inbeating or mixing ingredients with a fork by holding the fork at onegeneral location over a pan and imparting a small circular motion to thefork about a generally horizontal axis using a wrist action. Theimplement 15 can assume a number of other forms for manipulating theingredients in various ways, as will be described below.

With reference now to FIG. 2, the stirring means is supported by asupport structure 20 and is held in position by bracket 21 on theunderside of the support structure 20. A coaxial drive shaft comprisesan inner drive shaft 23 and an outer cylindrical drive shaft 24. Thesetwo concentric drive shafts are each mounted for rotation about thevertical axis 19. The rotation of the shaft 24 is used to produce astirring/dragging motion about the vertical axis, and the rotation ofthe inner shaft 23 is converted to a rotary motion about the horizontalaxis 17 to produce the turning (or rolling or flipping) motion, as willbe described more fully below.

The outer cylindrical shaft 24 is secured to an offset gear housing 25such that the housing 25 rotates together with shaft 24. Housing 25houses a pair of intermeshed offset gears 26 and 27, which serve todisplace horizontally the vertical rotation produced by inner driveshaft 23. Offset gear 27 drives vertical shaft 28, which forms ahorizontally displaced extension of the shaft 23.

The rotary motion of the vertical shaft 28 is transferred to a rotarymotion of horizontal shaft 29 by angle-conversion means indicatedgenerally at 30 and comprising a pair of bevel gears 31 and 32 includedin elbow housing 33. As illustrated, the bevel gears are in 1:1 ratio;however, other ratios could be employed. The rotary motion of horizontalshaft 29 is used to drive the horizontal axis turning motion of theimplement 15. The shaft 28 is housed within a cylindrical extension tube34 secured at its ends to the offset housing 25 and elbow housing 33.The extension tube 34 isolates the shaft 28 and gear movements from thecooking environment. The length of the tube 34 may also be selected soas to determine the disposition of the horizontal axis 17 above thebottom of the cooking vessel and hence the permissible height of therotating implement 15. The bevel-gear housing 33 is provided with alocking ring 35. The housing 33 may be locked to the extension tube 34at any desired angular disposition with respect to the offset housing25. The extension tube 34 and shaft 28 may also be configured so as tobe selectively removable and interchangeable with shafts of differentlengths so as to adjust the height of the implement 15 about the bottomof the pan.

In operation, the blade 15 undergoes two independently controllablerotary motions. The blade rotates in a vertical plane about thehorizontal axis 17, and the blade as well as the angle-conversion means30, vertical shaft 28, and offset gear housing 25, all revolve about thevertical axis 19.

FIG. 2 illustrates a mechanical arrangement providing two rotationalcouplers for separately driving the concentric shafts 23 and 24 andhence the two rotary motions of the implement 15. The first comprises ahexagonal linking shaft 36 coupled to drive pulley 37. The hex shaft 36is keyed to the inner vertical shaft 23 by key 38, and the drive pulley37 presents a drive surface 39 for coupling to a drive motor. The drivepulley 37 rides on a doubly cylindrical bearing member 40, whichprovides the bearing surface for the drive pulley. The bearing member 40itself rides on a journal support bearing 41, which is fixed to thesupport member 20 and which extends upwardly between the two cylindricalportions of the bearing member 40. Thus, rotation of the pulley 37causes the linking shaft 36 to rotate, which in turn rotates the shaft23, which drives the turning motion of the implement 15 about thehorizontal axis 17.

The other rotary motion of the implement 15 is produced by rotation ofouter shaft 24. The shaft 24 is keyed to an intermediate coupling ring42, which in turn is keyed to the bearing member 40. Positioned aboutthe hex shaft 36 is a compression spring 43, which urges the couplingring downward. Pressed onto the outer surface of bearing 40 is anannular drive gear 44. The gear 44 presents a drive surface 46 forcoupling to a drive motor. Thus, rotation of the gear 44 rotates thebearing member 40, which in turn rotates the outer vertical shaft 24through the intermediate coupling ring 42. The outer shaft 24 drives theentire housing 25 about the vertical axis 19.

The rotational couplers just described permit the entire stirringmechanism to be removed for cleaning, storage or other purpose asfollows. Hex shaft 36 is formed with a horizontally extending pin on thelower portion of key 38. When hex shaft 36 is pulled upward, this pinengages the bottom surface of coupling ring 42 so as to urge thecoupling ring upward against the tension of compression spring 43,thereby disengaging the coupling ring from shaft 24. The entiremechanism can then be slid horizontally from the supporting bracket 21.

The rotational couplers described above present the two surfaces 39 and46 for coupling to a drive mechanism for driving the two rotary motionsof the implement 15. These may be driven, for example, by twoindependent belt drives and motors. Alternatively, one or both of thesurfaces 39 and 46 may be coupled through an appropriate gear train to aGeneva drive mechanism. A Geneva mechanism may be beneficially coupledto the surface 39, for example, to produce an intermittent rotation ofthe implement about the horizontal axis. A drive mechanism, which may beadapted for use with the present invention is disclosed in my U.S. Pat.No. 4,779,522 issued Oct. 25, 1988, the disclosure of which isincorporated herein by reference. That patent also discloses rotationalcouplers like those illustrated in FIG. 2.

A feature of the above apparatus is that it may be effectivelydimensioned for use with conventionally sized pots and pans in adomestic kitchen. Such vessels typically have an effective cookingdiameter of twelve inches or less and may have side walls ranging inheight from one or two inches for a frying pan to twelve inches or sofor a kettle. In a preliminary prototype of the embodiment of FIG. 2,for example, the offset housing 25 was constructed with overalldimensions of 1×31/4×11/2 inches, which was used with a ten-inchdiameter pot.

In the embodiment of FIG. 3, both rotary motions of the implement 15 aredriven by rotation of the single vertical shaft 51, which is coaxialwith the vertical axis 19. The shaft 51 passes through a bearing 52,which is mounted within an anchor member 53. The anchor member 53 isfixed to gear housing 54 so that the member 53 remains stationary withrespect to the housing. As in the embodiment of FIG. 2, the housing 54serves to provide an offset for the vertical shaft 51. The verticalextension shaft 28, protective extension tube 34, angle-conversion means30, horizontal shaft 29, and the implement 15 are the same in FIG. 3 asin FIG. 2 and are given like reference numerals.

The housing 54 is divided into two chambers. The upper chamber includesa gear train for driving the rotation about the vertical axis 19. Thelower chamber includes a second gear train for driving the horizontalrotation and for fixing the ratio of horizontal rotation to verticalrotation.

The vertical shaft 51 carries gear 56 and 57 at its lower extremity. Thegear 57 engages a larger torque gear 58. A smaller gear 59 is coaxialwith the gear 58 and is fixed to gear 58 so that they rotate together.The anchor member 53 is formed with a stationary spur gear 61 at itslower extremity, which engages the gear 59. As the gear 59 rotates, itcauses a rotation of the spur gear 61 about the vertical axis 19. Sincethe spur gear 61 is a part of the anchor member 53, and since the anchormember is fixed to the housing 54, as the gear 59 turns, it causes theentire housing 54 to rotate about the axis 19. Because of the relativeratios of the gears 57, 58, 59, and 61, multiple rotations of the driveshaft 51 will generally be required to produce a full rotation of thehousing 54. Those skilled in the art will readily be able to selectappropriate gear ratios to develop the desired torque and housingrotation speed.

The rotation of vertical drive shaft 51 is transferred to the lowerchamber of the housing 54 by the coaxially mounted transfer couplinggears 66 and 67. The coupling gear 66 meshes with the gear 56 on shaft51 in the upper chamber, and the gear 67 meshes with the torque gear 68in the lower chamber. The torque gear 68 drives a Geneva drive mechanismfor intermittently rotating the horizontally displaced vertical shaft28. The torque gear 68 is coaxially mounted with a Geneva driver 69,which intermittently engages a Geneva wheel 70.

The Geneva driver 69 includes a drive pin 71 and locking ring 72. Thedrive pin engages drive slots of the Geneva wheel for rotating thewheel, and the locking ring engages the arcuate perimeter of the Genevawheel to hold it stationary between indexed positions. The structure andoperation of a Geneva mechanism is conventional and will not bedescribed further here. Coaxially mounted with the Geneva wheel 70 isanother coupling gear 73, which meshes with the drive gear 74 directlycoupled to the shaft 28.

The ratios of the gears 73 and 74 may be chosen so that the manipulatingmember 15 undergoes a specified number of revolutions or fraction of arevolution about the horizontal axis 17 per indexed rotation of theGeneva wheel 70. For example, assuming the angle-conversion gears have aratio of 1:1, then if the Geneva wheel rotates through 90 degrees forone indexed position, a gear ratio of 4:1 will produce a 360 degreerotation of the manipulating member. The specific angle through whichthe implement 15 should be rotated will, of course, depend on the natureof the implement 15 and the stirring or manipulating motion desired. Thenumber of horizontal rotations of the implement 15 per full revolutionof the housing 54 about the vertical axis 19 will be determined by thenumber of indexed positions of the Geneva mechanism and the ratios ofthe gears 56 to 66 and 67 to 68. These ratios may also be selected tooptimize the torque delivered to the implement 15.

To serve the object of providing an apparatus usable in a domestickitchen, the apparatus must, of course, be dimensioned to fit withinconventional pots and pans as found in a domestic kitchen. Theembodiment of FIG. 3 was constructed in a preliminary prototype havingan offset housing 54 with overall dimensions of 21/2×45/8×3 inches.

A variety of manipulations of the ingredients in the cooking vessel canbe achieved with the horizontal and vertical axes of revolution of theabove embodiments. A basic stirring or mixing motion may be achievedwith the use of an implement such as shown in FIG. 4. The implement ofFIG. 4 is formed with a shank portion 76, which is adapted at one endfor attachment to the horizontal shaft 29 rotating about the horizontalaxis 17 in FIG. 2 or 3. In particular, the shank portion 76 is adaptedso that it can be mounted perpendicular to the horizontal rotation axis.Secured to the other end of the shank portion 76 is a slightly curvedblade member 77, which may be provided with a flexible or resilientscraping edge 78. Suitable plastics or other materials for fabricatingcooking utensils are well known in the art and will not be describedhere. The blade member 77 may also be provided with other forms ofscraping edges or attached scraping implements. For example, a separate,deflectable scraping blade may be biased against the blade member 77 soas to absorb any impact and provide an amount of "give" when the bladehits hard ingredients.

In operation, the implement of FIG. 4 is rotated about the horizontalaxis in a direction so that the scraping edge is the leading edge. Thehorizontal rotation axis and the curvature of the implement are soconfigured that the blade member contacts the bottom of the pan at anangle suitable for engaging the ingredients. In so doing, the curvedblade member scoops up the ingredients immediately in its path and withcontinued rotation flips the ingredients over.

The rotation of the flipping/turning implement about the horizontal axismay be correlated with the rotation about the vertical axis in a numberof ways. The implement may be continuously rotated about the horizontalaxis as that horizontal axis is slowly rotated about the vertical axisto move the implement over the entire bottom of the vessel.Alternatively, the implement may be rotated intermittently through asingle 360 degree rotation. If the rotation about the horizontal axis issufficiently faster than that about the vertical axis, the implementwill effect a local turning/mixing action in a localized region of thepan, and then will be swept to another portion of the pan to continuethe turning/mixing action. To assure thorough mixing of the ingredients,the mechanism can be adjusted so that the activating position of thehorizontal-axis rotation will be different within successive verticalrotation cycles of the whole assembly. For example, the horizontal andvertical rotations may be correlated such that as the implement rotatesfour times about the horizontal axis, it will have been swept one andone-eighth revolutions about the vertical axis. In this manner, theimplement will initiate its turning/mixing action in slightly differentlocations on the bottom of the pan during successive revolutions.

Another useful mixing/turning action may be achieved with the implementof FIG. 4 by introducing an interruption or "drag" in thehorizontal-axis rotation of the implement. This motion is described withreference to FIG. 5, which shows an elevational view of themixing/turning implement in several positions as it is swept across thebottom of a pan 79. For the sake of illustration, the several successivepositions of the implement are shown in a straight line, although inreality they would follow a circular motion around the vertical axis ofrevolution. At the position indicated generally at reference numeral81a, the implement is brought into an angular disposition with respectto the bottom of the pan for engaging the ingredients. The implement ismaintained at this predetermined angular disposition through thepositions 81b-c for a predetermined angular sweep about the verticalrotation axis, which is sometimes referred to herein as the dwell ordrag of the implement. In this disposition the implement sweeps up theingredients lying in its path throughout the whole dwell period. Theimplement then undergoes a complete 360 degree revolution as indicatedat 82. At position 83, the implement is shown positioned again to sweepup the ingredients lying in the next dwell path. At position 84 theimplement undergoes another horizontal-axis rotation for flipping theingredients just swept up.

A variety of other implements may also be used to advantage with theapparatus disclosed herein to produce manipulations other than pure"stirring." For example, the apparatus may be used with a whipping orbeating implement such as shown in FIG. 6. The whipping implement isformed much in the manner of a conventional egg beater, except that itis preferably formed with individual elongate whipping elements 85,which are "squared off" at their ends, as illustrated in FIG. 6 for aflat-bottomed pan, to conform generally to the shape of the pan and toprovide greater reach in the radial direction of the pan. Of course, ifthe pan has a curved bottom, then the stirring elements 85 should beshaped to conform to the general radial profile of the bottom of thepan.

FIG. 7 shows a manipulating implement which may be used to flip a steak,hamburger, filet of fish, or the like. The flipping implement includes aflipping member 86, which is preferably in the form of a generally flat,elongate member. The member 86 is adapted at its midportion, asindicated generally at 87, to be secured to, and driven by, thehorizontal rotating shaft 29. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7,the implement includes a wire cage or net 88 for holding the food to beflipped. The cage 88 may be formed of either a flexible or a semi-rigidconstruction in a grid pattern having a grid size appropriate to thenature of the food to be flipped, or may be formed also in a non-gridpattern. For example, for use with a softer, more delicate fish, thegrid size would be smaller to provide the needed stability duringflipping. The cage 88 may be opened to receive the steak, burger or thelike, and then clamped shut. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, the cage 88 isattached to the flipping bar 86 by flexible fibers or cables 89. Thefood is loaded into the cage 88, and the cage together with the food isplaced on the pan so as to cook one side of the food.

As illustrated in FIG. 7, the supporting cage 88 is linked to theflipping bar 86 by two filamentous fibers 89. The linkage may also beestablished by other flexible means such as hinged members or chainlinks. Given the benefit of the present disclosure, other means willreadily occur to those skilled in the art. The linkage means 89 isflexible to provide a certain amount of slack, or "play, " in thecoupling between the supporting cage and the turning member 86. Withthis slack in the linkage, the apparatus does not interfere with thedisposition of the food item on the cooking surface during cooking. Thefood item rests in its cooking position under its own weight. Thelinkage 89 comes into play only during turning. The linkage serves todrag the food item about the horizontal rotation axis.

The manner by which the flipping implement of FIG. 7 achieves its effectis illustrated with reference to the sequence of FIGS. 8A-F, whichprovide a side elevational view of the implement in its variouspositions. FIG. 8A shows a symbolic steak with first side 91 in contactwith the cooking surface of the pan 92. For simplicity, the cage 88 ofFIG. 7 has not been expressly shown in FIGS. 8A-F. When the flippingaction is initiated, the flipping member 86 rotates in the direction ofthe arrow 93 and begins to lift the steak off of the cooking surface, asshown in FIG. 8B. As the flipping member 86 continues to rotate in thedirection of the arrow 93, through the position shown in FIG. 8C to theinverted position shown in FIG. 8D, the steak is pulled over thehorizontal rotation axis and falls so that the second side 94 lands onthe cooking surface of the pan, as illustrated in FIG. 8F. Thus, thesteak is flipped with a single 360 degree rotation of the flippingmember 86 about the horizontal rotation axis.

It will now be appreciated that for solid cuts of meat such as a steak,the cage may be replaced by a straight rod piercing the meat at one endand attached to the flipping member 86 at its ends by the flexiblefibers 89. Such an embodiment is shown in FIG. 11. The rod 117 is formedwith a pointed end for piercing a steak horizontally through an end. Oneskilled in the art will be able to select a variety of ways ofconnecting the rod 117 to the turning member 86. In one such way, therod 117 is formed with retaining grooves 118 proximate each end. Each ofthe fibers 89 is connected to a steel spring clip 119, which is open atone point so that it may be snapped onto the rod at the retaininggrooves.

Rotation of the assembly about the vertical axis of revolution is notneeded for operation of the flipping implement of FIG. 7, although suchrevolution can be combined with the flipping action to bring the steakor other food item to a different portion of the cooking surface of thepan. It will be appreciated that the implement of FIG. 7 can be used inother environments than the automatic cooking apparatus of the sortdisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,649,810. For example, the flippingimplement may also be used on a barbecue grill, where it may be drivenby a rotisserie device adapted for that purpose.

Another implement for turning bulkier items such as roasts isillustrated in FIG. 9. This implement includes a food-supporting means,which in the embodiment of FIG. 9 is provided by a rigid member 97,which has an elongate portion 98 carrying at least two food-piercingtines 99. In FIG. 9 the item to be turned, for example, a roast 100, isshown symbolically in phantom. Secured perpendicularly to the horizontalrotating shaft 29 is a rigid, elongate manipulating member 101. Therigid member 97 is attached to the manipulating member 101 by a pair offlexible fibers or cables 102 at either end of the elongate flippingmember 101. As the horizontal shaft 29 rotates, it rotates themanipulating member 101, which applies a torque to the elongate, rigidmember 97 through the flexible fibers 102. As the manipulating member101 rotates through 180 degrees, it causes the roast 100 to turn. Thelength of the cables 102 is adjusted so that the roast will be broughtalmost to a vertical disposition, ready to flip or fall over onto itsother side (i.e., rotated through about 90 degrees) before themanipulator 101 reaches 180 degrees of rotation. Then, a furtherincremental rotation of the manipulator 101 will cause the item 101 toflip or roll over.

For added stability, the implement preferably includes a second rigidmember 103 with elongate portion 104 and food-piercing tines 105, whichis inserted into the roast 100 on the opposite side from the firstmember 97. The second member 103 is attached by a single flexible fiber106 to a rigid support bar 107. The flexible fiber 106 is preferablyattached centrally to the rigid member 103 so as to permit free rotationabout the fiber 106. The support bar 107 traverses over the roast 100and is secured to the elbow housing 33 by bracket 108.

Those skilled in the art will now appreciate that the food-supportingmeans may be configured in a number of ways for supporting the roast 100or other food item as it is turned. For example a cage or flexiblenetting may also be used. Moreover a variety of items may be turned inthis manner, such as whole fish or fowl, or even a less bulky item suchas steak. As with the implement of FIG. 7, this flipping implement mayalso be used on a barbecue, driven only by a horizontal rotating shaft.With this arrangement, the roast or other food item may be turned anynumber of times, driven by a shaft rotating in only a single direction.

The horizontal rotation axis provided by the present apparatus may alsobe used beneficially in such applications as deep-fat frying where it isnecessary to raise the items being cooked out of the fat after aprescribed cooking time. An implement for this purpose is illustrated inFIG. 10. The implement includes a basket 111 with a handle 112. Asillustrated in FIG. 10, the handle 112 is provided with a means forconnection to a support arm 113. In the embodiment of FIG. 10, thehandle is formed with a depression or recessed region 114. The supportarm 113 is connected to the horizontal rotation axis 29 through a radialarm 115, which serves to space the support arm apart from the horizontalrotation axis. The support arm 114 is provided with a stop 116 toprevent the basket from slipping off of the support arm.

In operation, the support arm 113 is revolved about the horizontalrotation axis 17 by the action of the horizontal rotating shaft 29. Asthe shaft 29 rotates through 180 degrees, it raises the basket 111. Thisimplement may also be used for such applications as automaticallyraising soft- or hard-boiled eggs out of the cooking water after aprescribed time.

While the above provides a full and complete disclosure of illustrativeembodiments of the invention, various modifications and equivalents willoccur to those skilled in the art given the benefit of this disclosure.Accordingly, the invention is not intended to be limited only to thespecific examples and embodiments disclosed herein, but is defined bythe appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An implement for use in cooking a food item suchas a steak, fish filet or the like, said implement being used with adrive shaft rotating about a horizontal axis for automatically turningover said food item during cooking, comprising:support means forsupporting said food item during turning; a turning member adapted forconnection to said drive shaft so as to rotate about said horizontalaxis, said turning member having a first portion extending perpendicularto said horizontal axis for connection to said support means forproviding a moment arm for turning said food item and a second portionfor providing leverage for lifting said food item during turning; andlinkage means for flexibly linking said support means to said turningmember, said linkage means being connected to the first portion of saidturning member at a position spaced apart from said horizontal axis andto said support means at a position proximate an end of said food item,whereby rotation of said turning member by said drive shaft rotates saidfood item over said horizontal axis.
 2. The implement of claim 1 whereinsaid support means comprises an elongate rod for horizontally piercing asteak or the like at an end thereof, said rod being adapted at the endsthereof for connection to said turning member generally parallel to saidhorizontal axis.
 3. The implement of claim 1 wherein said support meanscomprises a flexible, semi-rigid cage for enclosing said food item. 4.The implement of claim 1 wherein said linkage means comprises at leastone flexible linking member.
 5. The implement of claim 4 wherein saidlinkage means comprises first and second flexible linking membersconnected to said support means proximate said end of said food item atopposite extremes thereof.
 6. The implement of claim 4 wherein saidflexible linking member is provided by a filamentous member.
 7. Theimplement of claim 1 wherein said turning member has a generallyrectangular shape and is adapted at the midportion thereof forconnection to said drive shaft for rotation about an axis generallyparallel to an edge of said generally rectangular shape.
 8. An implementfor use in cooking a food item such as a steak, fish filet or the like,said implement being used with a drive shaft rotating about a horizontalaxis for automatically turning over said food item during cooking,comprising:support means for supporting said food item during turning; aturning member having a generally rectangular shape and adapted at themidportion thereof for connection to said drive shaft for rotation aboutan axis generally parallel to an edge of said generally rectangularshape, a first portion of said rectangular shape extending away fromsaid horizontal axis for connection to said support means and a secondportion extending opposite to said first portion for providing a leverarm for lifting said food item during turning; and first and secondflexible filamentous linking members connected to the first portion ofsaid rectangular shape at a position spaced apart from said horizontalaxis and to said support means at a position proximate an end of saidfood item, whereby rotation of said turning member by said drive shaftrotates said food item over said horizontal axis.
 9. An implement foruse in cooking a food item such as a roast, chicken or the like, saidimplement being used with a drive shaft rotating about a horizontal axisfor automatically turning over said food item during cooking,comprising:support means for supporting said food item during turning; aturning member adapted at the midportion thereof for connection to saiddrive shaft so as to rotate about said horizontal axis, said turningmember having first and second oppositely extending portionsperpendicular to said horizontal axis for providing moment arms forturning said food item; and linkage means flexibly linking said supportmeans to said turning member, said linkage means connecting the distalends of said first and second portions to said support means atpositions proximate an end of said food item and spaced apart from saidhorizontal axis, whereby rotation of said turning member by said driveshaft rotates said food item about said horizontal axis.
 10. Theimplement of claim 9 wherein said turning member comprises an elongatebar adapted for connection to said drive shaft with the elongatedimension thereof perpendicular to said horizontal axis.
 11. Theimplement of claim 9 wherein said support member comprises a first tinemember having first and second spaced apart tines for penetrating saidfood item at an end thereof.
 12. The implement of claim 11 wherein saidsupport member further comprises a second tine member having first andsecond spaced apart tines for penetrating said food item at the oppositeend from said first tine member.
 13. The implement of claim 12 whereinsaid support member further comprises a guide member adapted formounting in fixed disposition with respect to said turning food item anda second linkage means flexibly linking said second tine member to saidguide member for free rotation about said second linkage means.
 14. Theimplement of claim 9 wherein said linkage means is provided by first andsecond filamentous members.
 15. The implement of claim 14 wherein saidsecond linkage means comprises a filamentous member connected to saidsecond tine member at a central portion thereof.
 16. An implement foruse in connection with a horizontally rotating drive shaft forautomatically turning over a steak, fish filet, or the like,comprising:a leverage member adapted at the midportion thereof forconnection to said drive shaft so as to rotate about said midportion;and means for holding said steak, fish filet, or the like, said meansbeing flexibly secured to said leverage member at a distance spacedapart from said midportion, whereby rotation of said leverage memberraises said steak, fish filet or the like at an ened thereof and flipssaid steak, fish filet, or the like over said midportion.
 17. A methodof automatically turning a food item such as a steak, fish filet or thelike about a horizontal axis during cooking comprising the stepsof:providing a moment arm extending generally perpendicular to saidhorizontal axis; flexibly linking said food item at an end thereof tosaid moment arm at at least one position spaced apart from saidhorizontal axis; and automatically rotating said moment arm about saidhorizontal axis so as to drag said food item about said horizontal axis.